The ability for variables within a function scope to reach outward to get information, but never inward. Meaning that, while functions can look to the variables outside of them for information, nothing can reach in to a function to get information.

Functional Scope - When a new function is declared, a new scope is created.

Example:

const foo = "bar";
function returnFoo() {
	return foo;
}
returnfoo();

Example 2:

const lastName = "Bond";
function greet() {
	const firstName = "James";
	alert(`The name's ${lastName}, ${firstName} ${lastName}.`);
}